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LanguagesUpdated Oct 14, 20262 min read

“Dos libro” teaches you a mistake you will repeat for years

Plurals, tenses and gender decide whether a swapped word teaches you Spanish or a habit you will later have to unlearn.

Dmitry Ratner
CEO of NativeLingo
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In short
  • A swapped word teaches its form along with its meaning.
  • NativeLingo matches plurals, tenses and gender to the sentence you are reading.
  • When a form can’t be checked, you see the base word, because nothing is guessed.

Word forms are part of what you learn

Say you read “I bought two books” and the extension swaps in the Spanish word. If it shows “libro”, the sentence now says “two book”, even though the meaning still comes through.

You won’t notice, because you are reading for meaning and the meaning is right. Your memory, however, quietly files away “dos libro” as something you have seen before.

See it twenty times and it starts to sound normal, which is how a mistake turns into a habit.

The page saysI bought two books.
Dictionary formI bought two libro.
NativeLingoI bought two libros.

How NativeLingo picks the form

NativeLingo reads the word on the page first and notes whether it is plural, which tense it is in and who is doing the action.

Then it looks up the matching form in published tables of word forms, UniMorph and the Universal Dependencies treebanks. Linguists built these tables, so nothing in them is generated.

That is how “two books” becomes “dos libros” and “I opened” becomes “abrí”, while in Italian the same two books become “due libri”.

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Where this matters most

English barely changes its words, whereas most of the other languages you can learn here change them a lot.

German nouns take a different plural for almost every pattern, as in “die Autos” and “die Bücher”. French adds gender and agreement on top, and Spanish and Italian verbs change for every person and tense.

the windowsles fenêtres

A tool that ignores word forms works fine for singular nouns. Past that, it slowly teaches you the wrong version.

When the form isn’t in the tables

Sometimes the tables don’t have the exact form a sentence needs, and in that case NativeLingo shows the base translation instead.

We never build a form by rule or by guess. A base form is less precise, but at least it isn’t wrong in a way you would copy.

Which words would you see?
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Questions

Sources
UniMorph: universal morphological feature schema and tables.
Universal Dependencies treebanks.

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